Its members included Hermarchus, Idomeneus, Colotes, Polyaenus, and Metrodorus.

In Athens, Epicurus bought a property for his school called 'Garden', which later became the name of Epicurus' school. In Mytilene, the capital of the island Lesbos, and then in Lampsacus, Epicurus taught and gained followers. Interest in Epicureanism was resurrected in the Age of Enlightenment and continues in the modern era. Diogenes of Oenoanda, a wealthy Epicurean in the 2nd century AD, had a portico wall inscribed with tenets of the philosophy erected in Oenoanda, Lycia (present day Turkey).Įpicureanism flourished in the Late Hellenistic era and during the Roman era, and many Epicurean communities were established in places such as Antioch, Alexandria, Rhodes, and Herculaneum by the late 3rd century AD, Epicureanism all but died out, being opposed by other philosophies (mainly Neoplatonism) that were then in the ascent. Many Epicurean texts have also been found on scrolls unearthed at the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum, mostly works written by the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus or his teacher Zeno of Sidon along with fragments of works by Epicurus himself. The epic poem De rerum natura (Latin for 'On the Nature of Things') by Lucretius presents the core arguments and theories of Epicureanism in one unified work. Diogenes Laërtius preserves three letters written by Epicurus, as well as a list of the Principal Doctrines of Epicureanism however, there are independent attestations of his ideas from his later disciples. Correspondingly, Epicurus and his followers generally withdrew from politics because it could lead to frustrations and ambitions that would conflict with their pursuit of virtue and peace of mind. Following the Cyrenaic philosopher Aristippus, Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to seek modest, sustainable pleasure in the form of a state of ataraxia (tranquility and freedom from fear) and aponia (the absence of bodily pain) through knowledge of the workings of the world and limiting desires. Although Epicureanism is a form of hedonism insofar as it declares pleasure to be its sole intrinsic goal, the concept that the absence of pain and fear constitutes the greatest pleasure, and its advocacy of a simple life, make it very different from hedonism as colloquially understood.

Originally a challenge to Platonism, its main opponent later became Stoicism. His materialism led him to religious skepticism and a general attack on superstition and divine intervention. Epicurus was an atomist and materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. For other uses, see Epicurean (disambiguation).Įpicureanism is a system of philosophy founded around 307 BC based upon the teachings of Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher.

Define hedonism